2022 Early Hearing Detection & Intervention Virtual Conference

March 13 - 15, 2022

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5/25/2021  |   8:30 AM - 10:30 AM   |  Influx and efflux of sulfate from ambient water in freshwater animals   |  Virtual Platform

Influx and efflux of sulfate from ambient water in freshwater animals

To investigate how the sulfate anion (SO42-) may be related to the adverse effects associated with elevated ionic concentrations in freshwaters, we measured influx and efflux of SO42- in four freshwater groups represented by a fish Pimephales promelas and three invertebrates: a unionid Utterbackia imbecillis, a crayfish Procambarus clarkii and a mayfly Hexagenia bilineata. Using stable isotope ratios, δ(34S/32S), and S and SO42- concentrations, we measured the SO42- influx rate, net flux, and efflux rate during an exposure of 24-hr from water with two concentrations of 34S-enriched NaSO4. The mean estimates of SO42- influx were positive for all four species, and SO42- influx was greater than 0 for both SO42- concentrations in the fish and mollusk and for the lower SO42- concentration in the crayfish. SO42- efflux and net flux estimates were much more variable than those for SO42- influx, but efflux and net flux were negative for some species by SO42- concentration combinations, which suggests net excretion of SO42- by the animals. These results suggest that uptake of SO42- from ambient waters can result in the adverse effects that have been identified with elevated SO42- in freshwaters.

  • Major ions
  • Vertebrates
  • Biological effects

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Presenters/Authors

Michael Griffith (), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, OH 45268, griffith.michael@epa.gov;


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Jim Lazorchak (), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, OH 45268, lazorchak.jim@epa.gov;


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Herman Haring (), Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, herman.haring@hotmail.com;


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